Robert Scott Duncanson , Landscape with Rainbow c. 1859 , Hudson River School , Smithsonian American Art Museum , Washington, DC. This list of African-American visual artists is a list that includes dates of birth and death of historically recognized African-American fine artists known for the creation of artworks that are primarily visual in nature, including traditional media such as painting , sculpture , photography , and printmaking , as well as more recent genres, including installation art , performance art , body art , conceptual art , video art , and digital art . The entries are in alphabetical order by surname.
Artists Scipio Moorhead , Portrait of poet Phillis Wheatley , 1773, in the frontispiece to her book Poems on Various Subjects Edward Mitchell Bannister , Driving Home the Cows 1881Harriet Powers , Bible quilt , mixed media, 1886Henry Ossawa Tanner , Gateway, Tangier , 1912, oil on canvas, 18 7/16" × 15 5/16", St. Louis Art Museum Charles Alston , Again The Springboard Of Civilization , 1943 (WWII African American soldier)Larry D. Alexander ,Greenville Courthouse , 1998
A–B Panteha Abareshi (born 1999), multidisciplinary artistNina Chanel Abney (born 1982), painterBlanch Ackers (1914–2003), painterTerry Adkins (1953–2014), artist[1] Mequitta Ahuja (born 1976), painter, installation artistLarry D. Alexander (born 1953), painterLaylah Ali (born 1968), painterJules T. Allen (born 1947), photographerTina Allen (1949–2008), sculptorSteve R. Allen (born 1954), painterCharles Alston (1907–1977), painter[2] [1] Amalia Amaki (born 1959), artistEmma Amos (1938–2020), painter[2] Benny Andrews (1930–2006), painter[2] [1] Edgar Arceneaux (born 1972), drawing artistNellie Ashford (born c. 1943), folk artist[3] James Atkins (born 1941), painterRoland Ayers (1932–2014), printmakerRadcliffe Bailey (born 1968) collage, sculpture[4] [5] Kyle Baker (born 1965), cartoonistMatt Baker (1921–1959), comic book artistJames Presley Ball (1825–1904), photographerAlvin Baltrop (1948–2004), photographerHenry Bannarn (1910–1965), painter[1] Edward Mitchell Bannister (1828–1901), painter[2] [1] Ernie Barnes (1938–2009), neo-Mannerist artist[2] Richmond Barthé (1901–1989), sculptor[2] [1] Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960–1988), painter[2] C. M. Battey (1873–1927), photographerRomare Bearden (1911–1988), painter[2] [1] Arthello Beck (1941–2004), painterArthur P. Bedou (1882–1966), photographerDarrin Bell (born 1975), cartoonistMary A. Bell (1873–1941)Dawoud Bey (born 1953), photographer[2] Sharif Bey (born 1974), ceramistJohn T. Biggers (1924–2001), muralist[2] [1] Sanford Biggers (born 1970), interdisciplinaryGene Bilbrew (1923–1974), cartoonist and fetish artistCamille Billops (1933–2019), filmmaker, sculptor, painter, printmakerMcArthur Binion (born 1946), painterRobert Blackburn (1920–2003), master printmaker, lithographer, and educator[6] Thomas Blackshear (born 1955)Betty Blayton (1937–2016), painter, printmaker[1] Chakaia Booker (born 1953), sculptor[2] Edythe Boone (born 1938), muralistCharles Boyce (born 1949), cartoonistTina Williams Brewer , fiber artist[7] James Brantley (born 1945), painterMark Bradford (born 1961)Elenora "Rukiya" Brown , doll creatorElmer Brown (1909–1971)Frank J. Brown (1956–2020), sculptorFrederick J. Brown (1945–2012), painter[2] Larry Poncho Brown (born 1962)Manuelita Brown , sculptorRobert Brown (c. 1936 – 2007), cartoonistBeverly Buchanan (1940–2015), painter, sculptor[1] Selma Burke (1900–1995), sculptor[1] Calvin Burnett (1921–2007), book illustrator[1] Pauline Powell Burns (1872–1912), painterJohn Bush (?–1754), powder horn carverBisa Butler (born 1973), quilterRobert Butler (1943–2014), painter
C–D Frank Calloway (1915–2014)E. Simms Campbell (1906–1971), cartoonist[1] Allen 'Big Al' Carter (1947–2008)Fred Carter (1938–2023), cartoonistBernie Casey (1939–2017), painter[1] Elizabeth Catlett (1915–2012), sculptor and printmaker[2] [1] Nick Cave (born 1959), performance artistMichael Ray Charles (born 1967), painter[2] Barbara Chase-Riboud (born 1936), sculptor[1] Jamour Chames (born 1989), painterDon Hogan Charles (1938–2017), photographerCaitlin Cherry (born 1987), painter and sculptorClaude Clark (1915–2001), painter and printmaker[2] Edward Clark (1926–2019), painterSonya Clark (born 1967), textile and multimedia artistWillie Cole (born 1955), painter[2] Robert Colescott (1925–2009), painter[2] Eldzier Cortor (1916–2015), artist and printmaker[1] Pamela Council (born 1986), multidisciplinary artist, sculptorErnest Crichlow (1914–2005), social realist artist[1] Allan Crite (1910–2007), painter[2] [1] Njideka Akunyili Crosby (born 1983), painterEmilio Cruz (1938–2004), painter[2] Frank E. Cummings III (born 1938), woodworkerMichael Cummings (born 1945), textile artistUlysses Davis (1913–1990), sculptor[2] Bing Davis (born 1937), potter and graphic artist[1] Charles C. Dawson (1889–1981) illustrator, painter, and printmakerRoy DeCarava (1919–2009), photographer[2] Beauford Delaney (1901–1979), painter[8] Joseph Delaney (1904–1991)[2] Nadine M. DeLawrence (1953–1992), American sculptor and installation artist[9] Xiomara De Oliver (born 1967), Canadian-born American painter.[10] Woody De Othello (born 1991), ceramicist, painterRosetta DeBerardinis , painterLouis Delsarte (1944–2020), artist[1] Cheryl Derricotte , glass artist, printmakerJoseph Clinton Devillis (1878–1912), painterThornton Dial (1928–2016)[2] Terry Dixon (born 1969), painter and multimedia artistJeff Donaldson (1932–2004), painter and criticAaron Douglas (1899–1979), painter[2] [1] Emory Douglas (born 1943), Black Panther artistJohn E. Dowell Jr. (born 1941), printmaker, etcher, lithographer, and painterDavid Driskell (1931–2020), artist and scholarRobert Seldon Duncanson (1821–1872), Hudson River School [2] [1] Edward Dwight (born 1933) sculptor, painter, author
E–H Walter Edmonds (1938–2011), muralistWilliam Edmondson (1874–1951), folk art sculptor[2] [1] Allan L. Edmunds (born 1949), printmakerMel Edwards (born 1937), sculptor[2] [1] Janiva Ellis (born 1987), painterWalter Ellison (1899–1977), painter[2] Minnie Evans (1892–1987), folk artist[2] [1] Lola Flash (born 1959), photographerHalim Flowers (born 1980), street artistLaToya Ruby Frazier (born 1982), photographerMeta Vaux Warrick Fuller (1877–1968), artist[2] [1] George Gadson , artist and sculptorEllen Gallagher (born 1965)[2] Reginald Gammon (1921–2005), painter, printmaker, activistMelvino Garretti (born 1946)[11] Theaster Gates (born 1973), sculptor, ceramicist, and performance artistReginald K (Kevin) Gee (born 1964), painterHerbert Gentry (1919–2003), painterWilda Gerideau-Squires (born 1946), photographerRobert A. Gilbert (c. 1870 – 1942), nature photographer[12] Leah Gilliam (born 1967), media artist and filmmakerSam Gilliam (1933–2022), painter[2] [1] Russell T. Gordon (1936–2013), printmaker[2] Rex Goreleigh (1902–1986), painter, educatorBilly Graham (1935–1999), comic book artistLonnie Graham , photographer and installation artistDeborah Grant (born 1968), painterTodd Gray (born 1954), photographer, installation and performance artistLeamon Green (born 1959)Renee Green (born 1959), installation artist[2] Mario Gully , comic book artistTyree Guyton (born 1955)[2] Ed Hamilton (born 1947), sculptorPatrick Earl Hammie (born 1981), painterDavid Hammons (born 1943), artist[2] Trenton Doyle Hancock (born 1974)[2] Austin Hansen (1910–1996), photographerJohn Wesley Hardrick (1891–1948), painter[2] [1] Edwin Harleston (1882–1931), painterElise Forrest Harleston (1891–1970), photographerJerry Harris (1945–2016), sculptorJohn T. Harris (1908–1972), painter, printmaker, educatorKira Lynn Harris (born 1963), multidisciplinary[13] Lawrence Harris (born 1937), painterIlana Harris-Babou (born 1991), sculptor and installation artist[14] Marren Hassenger (born 1947), sculptor, installation, performance[15] Palmer Hayden (1893–1973), painter[2] [1] Donté K. Hayes (b. 1975), ceramicistBarkley Hendricks (1945–2017), painterNestor Hernández (1961–2006), photographerGeorge Herriman (1880–1944), cartoonist[2] LaToya M. Hobbs (born 1988) printmaker, painter, mixed media artist [16] Alvin Hollingsworth (1928–2000), illustrator, painterHumbert Howard (1905 or 1915–1990), painter, ceramicistWilliam Howard (active 19th century), American woodworker and craftsmanBryce Hudson (born 1979), painter, sculptor[2] Julien Hudson (1811–1844), painter, sculptor[2] David Huffman (born 1963), painter[17] Edward Ellis Hughes (1940–2017), painterRichard Hunt (1935–2023), sculptor[2] [1] Clementine Hunter (1886/7–1988), folk artist[2] [1]
J–O Wadsworth Jarrell (born 1929), painter, sculptorOliver Lee Jackson (born 1935), painter, sculptor, printmaker, educatorSuzanne Jackson , artist, gallery ownerTomashi Jackson (born 1980), multimedia artist, painter, videographer, textile-maker and sculptor[18] Steffani Jemison (born 1981), performance artist, video artistWilmer Angier Jennings (1910–1990), printmaker, painter, jewelerAnnette P. Jimerson (born 1966), painterJoshua Johnson (c. 1763 – c. 1824), portrait painter and folk artist[2] [1] LeRoy Johnson (1937–1922), multidisciplinary artistMalvin Gray Johnson (1896–1934), painter[1] Martina Johnson-Allen (born 1947), painter, sculptor, and printmaker, educatorRashid Johnson (born 1977), conceptual artistSargent Johnson (1888–1967), sculptor[2] [1] William H. Johnson (1902–1970)[2] [1] Calvin B. Jones (1934–2010), painter, muralistIda E. Jones , painterJennie C. Jones (born 1968), multidisciplinaryLois Mailou Jones (1905–1998), painter[2] [1] Lawrence A. Jones (1910–1996), artist, teacherSamuel Levi Jones (born 1978), painter, assemblage artistSeitu Jones (born 1951), multidisciplinary, sculptorEddie Jack Jordan (1925–1999), artist, teacherRonald Joseph (1910–1992), artist, teacher, and printmaker Titus Kaphar (born 1976), painter[19] Richard Gordon Kendall (1933–2008), Texas-based outsider artist Autumn Knight (born 1980), interdisciplinary artist working with performance , installation , and text[20] Gwendolyn Knight (1914–2005), artist[1] Jacob Lawrence (1917–2000), painter[2] [1] Deana Lawson (born 1979), photographer[21] Carolyn Lazard (born 1987), conceptual artistHughie Lee-Smith (1915–1999), artist[2] [1] Simone Leigh (born 1967), sculpture, ceramicsEdmonia Lewis (c. 1843 – 1879), artist[2] [1] Nate Lewis (born 1985), visual artistNorman Lewis (1909–1979), painter[2] [1] Joe Louis Light (1934–2005), painter and sculptorGlenn Ligon (born 1960), painter[2] James Little (born 1952), painter, curatorWillie Little (born 1961), multimedia artist, painter, sculptor, authorLlanakila , artist, painter, digital illustrator, and digital artistEdward L. Loper, Sr. (1916–2011), painterWhitfield Lovell (born 1960), artistAlvin D. Loving (1935–2005), artistEric N. Mack (born 1987), painter, multi-media installation artist, and sculptor[22] Gwendolyn Ann Magee (1943–2011), artist, quilter[23] Clarence Major (born 1936), painterAjuan Mance , visual artist, professor[24] Kerry James Marshall (born 1955), painter[2] Eugene J. Martin (1938–2005), painterLouise Martin (1911–1995), photographerPercy Martin , printmakerRichard Mayhew (born 1934), Afro-Native American, landscape painter[25] Valerie Maynard (1937–2022), sculptor, printmaker, painterEaly Mays (born 1959), painterLester Julian Merriweather (born 1978) collagist, painterWilliam McBride (artist) (1912–2000), artist, designer and collectorHoward McCalebb (born 1947), artistHugo McCloud (born 1980), visual artistCorky McCoy , illustratorCharles McGee , (1924–2021) painterCharles McGill (1964–2017), artist, educatorJulie Mehretu (born 1970), painter, printmakerTroy Michie (born 1985), collage artist, painter, interdisciplinary installation artist, and sculptorNicole Miller (born 1982), video artistJoe Minter (born 1943) sculptor, creator of African Village in America[26] Dean Mitchell (born 1957), painterEvangeline Montgomery , metal art, printmakerScipio Moorhead (active 1770s), painter[1] Barbara Tyson Mosley (born 1950), abstract painter[27] Charles Franklin Moss (1878–1961), photographer and painterArchibald Motley (1891–1981), painter[2] [1] Zora J. Murff (born 1987), photographerWangechi Mutu (born 1972) painter, sculptorGus Nall (1919–1995), painterSenga Nengudi (born 1943), sculptor, performance artistHarold Newton (1934–1994), artistLorraine O'Grady (born 1934), conceptual artistTurtel Onli (born 1952), cartoonistJackie Ormes (1911–1985), cartoonistJohn Outterbridge (1933–2020), assemblage artist[2] [1] Joe Overstreet (1933–2019), artist[1]
P–S Jennifer Packer (born 1985), painterNorman Parish , painter, muralist and art dealerGordon Parks (1912–2006), photographer, director[2] [1] Sandra Payne (1951–2021), collagist, sculptor, conceptual artistCecelia Pedescleaux (born 1945), quilterJanet Taylor Pickett (born 1948), mixed media artistDelilah Pierce (1904–1992), artistEarle M. Pilgrim (1923–1976), artistHowardena Pindell (born 1943), painter[2] Jefferson Pinder , performanceJerry Pinkney (1939–2021), illustrator[2] Adrian Piper (born 1948), conceptual artist[2] Rose Piper (1917–2005), painter and textile designer[28] Horace Pippin (1888–1946), painter[2] [1] P. H. Polk (1898–1984), photographerStephanie Pogue (1944–2002), printmakerCarl Robert Pope (born 1961), photographer[2] William Pope.L (born 1955) conceptual artistCharles Ethan Porter (1847/49–1923) painterHarriet Powers (1837–1910), folk artist[2] Walter Price (artist) (born 1989), painterMartin Puryear (born 1941), sculptor[2] [1] Mavis Pusey (1928–2019), abstract painterBob Ragland (1938–2021), painter and sculptorPatrick H. Reason (1816–1898)Earle Wilton Richardson (1912–1935), artist[1] Taft Richardson Jr. (1943–2008), folk artistFaith Ringgold (born 1930), painter[2] [1] Haywood Rivers (1922–2001), painterAmber Robles-Gordon , installation artistDeborah Roberts , (born 1962), collage artistArthur Rose Sr. (1921–1995), multidisciplinaryBayeté Ross Smith (born 1976), photographerSusan Smith-Pinelo , video, performanceAlison Saar (born 1956), artist[2] [1] Betye Saar (born 1926), artist[2] [1] Synthia Saint James (born 1949) painterCharles L. Sallée Jr. (1923–2006), painter[2] [29] Reginald Sanders (1921–2001), visual artistRaymond Saunders (born 1934), painter[1] Augusta Savage (1892–1962), sculptor[2] [1] Dread Scott (born 1965), performance, photography, installation, screen-printing and videoJohn T. Scott (1940–2007), artistJoyce J. Scott (born 1948), sculptor[2] Lorenzo Scott (born 1934), painterWilliam Edouard Scott (1884–1964), painter[2] [1] Charles Searles (1937–2004), painter, sculptorCharles Sebree (1914–1985), painter[2] [1] Gail Shaw-Clemons , printmaker, educatorThomas Sills (1914–2000), painterGary Simmons (born 1964), artistLorna Simpson (born 1960), artist[2] Merton Simpson (1928–2013), painterWilliam Simpson (1818–1872), portrait painter[1] Ferrari Sheppard (born 1983), painterAmy Sherald (born 1973), painterCarroll Sockwell (1943–1992), abstract painter[30] Jeff Sonhouse (born 1968), painterCauleen Smith (born 1967), filmmakerLeslie Smith III (born 1985), painterVincent D. Smith (1929–2003), painter and printmaker[31] [32] William E. Smith (1913–1997), painter and printmakerGilda Snowden (1954–2014)[2] Mitchell Squire (born 1958), American installation artist, sculptor and performance artistRaymond Steth (1916–1997)[2] Renee Stout (born 1958), artist[2] Lou Stovall , printmakerThelma Johnson Streat (1911–1959), American painter, dancer, educatorMartine Syms (born 1988), artist
T–Z Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859–1937), artist[2] [1] Ron Tarver (born 1957), photographer, artist, and educatorMary Lee Tate (1893–1939), painter, decorative artistU.S. Grant Tayes (1885–1972), painter, barber, musician, columnist, and educator[33] Margaret Taylor-Burroughs (1915–2010)[2] [1] Alma Thomas (1891–1978), painter[2] [1] Hank Willis Thomas (born 1976), photographerMickalene Thomas (born 1971), painter and installation artistBob Thompson (1937–1966), painter[2] [1] Mildred Thompson (1935–2003), abstract painter, printmaker and sculptorDox Thrash (1892–1962), printmaker, sculptor[2] [1] Bill Traylor (1856–1949)[2] [1] Henry Taylor (born 1958), painterYvonne Edwards Tucker (born 1941), potter[34] Adejoke Tugbiyele (born 1977), sculptor, multidisciplinary artist[35] Morrie Turner (1923–2014), cartoonistJames Van Der Zee (1886–1983), photographer[2] [1] Kara Walker (born 1969), artist[2] [1] William Walker (1927–2011), Chicago muralistEugene Warburg , (1825–1859), sculptorLaura Wheeler Waring (1887–1948), painter[2] [1] E. M. Washington (born 1962), printmaker and counterfeiterCullen Washington, Jr. (born 1972), abstract painter[36] James W. Washington, Jr. (1908–2000), painter and sculptor[1] Howard N. Watson (1929–2022), watercolor painterRichard J. Watson (born 1946), painter, printmakerLewis Watts Carrie Mae Weems (born 1953), photographer[2] Joyce Wellman (born 1949), painter, printmakerPheoris West (1950–2021)Charles Wilbert White (1918–1979), muralist[2] [1] Fo Wilson , interdisciplinary artist and designerJack Whitten (1939–2018), painterKehinde Wiley (born 1977), painterGerald Williams (artist) (born 1941), painterWilliam T. Williams (born 1942), painter[1] Deborah Willis (born 1948), photographerEllis Wilson (1899–1977), painter[2] [1] Fred Wilson (born 1954), conceptual artistWilmer Wilson IV , performance, photographerJohn Woodrow Wilson (1922–2015), sculptor[2] [1] Beulah Woodard (1895–1955), sculptorHale Woodruff (1900–1980), painter[2] [1] Richard Wyatt, Jr. (born 1955), painter, muralistRichard Yarde (1939–2011), watercoloristJoseph Yoakum (1890–1972), self-taught landscape artistKenneth Victor Young (1933–2017), painter, designer, educator[37] Purvis Young (1943–2010), artist
Artist groups
See also
References ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu See the entry in Macklin, A. D., A Biographical History of African-American Artists . The Edwin Mellen Press; 2001. ISBN 0-7734-7676-8 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl Listed in the Chronological listing of African-American artists at ArtCyclopedia ^ "Nellie Ashford among 5 artists selected for art installations at Charlotte Douglas Airport". CLTure . April 10, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2019 . ^ Sheets, Hilarie M. (June 30, 2011). "In the Picture: Atlanta, Africa and the Past". The New York Times . Retrieved December 20, 2017 . ^ KOSLOW MILLER, FRANCINE (Summer 2012). "Radcliffe Bailey". Artforum . Vol. 50, no. 10. Retrieved December 20, 2017 . ^ Parris, Nina G; Columbia Museum of Art; Arkansas Arts Center; Mississippi Museum of Art (1985). Through a master printer: Robert Blackburn and the Printmaking Workshop. Columbia, S.C.: Columbia Museum. OCLC 14693839. ^ Shaw, Kurt (September 7, 2014). "Homewood Artist's 'Fragments' Looks at Cultures in Our World" . Pittsburgh Tribune Review . Retrieved March 30, 2016 – via EBSCO. ^ David Leeming, Amazing Grace: A Life of Beauford Delaney , Oxford University Press; 1998. ISBN 0-19-509784-X ^ "Nadine M. Delawrence, 39; Artist Exhibited Internationally". Hartford Courant . November 28, 1992. Retrieved June 12, 2023 . ^ "De Oliver, Xiomara". Le Delarge -Le dictionnaire des arts plastiques modernes et contemporains (in French). Retrieved August 20, 2021 . ^ Troupe, Margaret Porter (April 11, 2014). "Spring Art Show: Melvino Garretti". Harlem Arts Salon . Retrieved January 15, 2020 . ^ Mitchell, John Hanson (August 12, 2014). Looking for Mr. Gilbert: The Unlikely Life of the First African American Landscape Photographer. Open Road Distribution. pp. 100–. ISBN 9781497672826 . Retrieved November 28, 2017 . ^ "The Artist's Voice: Kira Lynn Harris In Conversation with Lauren Haynes". The Studio Museum in Harlem. Retrieved April 2, 2015 . ^ Steinhauer, Jillian (February 25, 2019). "The Whitney Biennial: 75 Artists Are In, and One Dissenter Steps Out". The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 21, 2019 . ^ "Maren Hassinger". YBCA . Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Retrieved March 14, 2016 . ^ "LaToya M. Hobbs". www.latoyamhobbs.com . ^ Murray, Derek Conrad (2012). "David Huffman". Art in America . Vol. April 6. Retrieved April 2, 2015 . ^ "Rhythm and Blues: Tomashi Jackson by Cora Fisher – BOMB Magazine". bombmagazine.org . Retrieved March 21, 2019 . ^ "Titus Kaphar's Time Magazine Commission". International Review of African American Art . Retrieved March 15, 2016 . ^ "Workshop | fluid with Artist Autumn Knight". Contemporary Arts Museum Houston . Retrieved March 21, 2019 . ^ "Deana Lawson". Lewis Center for the Arts . Archived from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2016 . ^ Sargent, Antwaun (April 9, 2018). "Meet the Mixed-Media Painter Inspired by Lil' Kim". The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 21, 2019 . ^ Moye, Dorothy, "Lift Every Voice and Sing: The Quilts of Gwendolyn Ann Magee" Archived November 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Southern Spaces , September 11, 2014. ^ Robertson, Michelle; SFGATE (November 1, 2017). "An Oakland artist drew 1,001 portraits of black men". SFGate . Retrieved January 3, 2020 . ^ "Richard Mayhew". Smithsonian American Art Museum . Retrieved March 3, 2018 . ^ Tortorello, Michael (April 24, 2013). "Joe Minter's African Village in America". The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 21, 2019 . ^ "Barbara Tyson-Mosley". National Gallery of Art . Retrieved February 4, 2021 . ^ "African American Fine Art Auction". Tyler Fine Art . November 11, 2014. p. 128. Retrieved January 25, 2017 – via issuu. ^ "Artist Charles L. Sallee Jr. remembered; his artwork is on display in Beachwood". cleveland.com . December 9, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2018 . ^ "Artist's Black Painting Praised By D.C. Critic". Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. March 4, 1971. p. 14. ^ Sirmans, M. Franklin (1997). Smith, Vincent (Dacosta) . Detroit: St. James Guide to Black Artists. ISBN 1558622209 . ^ Smothers, Ronald (January 3, 2004). "Vincent Smith, 74, Painter Who Portrayed Black Life". The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 23, 2017 . ^ "U.S. Grant Tayes". Missouri Remembers . Retrieved December 27, 2023 . ^ Copelon, Dianne (February 11, 1996). "Artisans Shape Visions of Black History, Culture". Orlando Sentinel . Retrieved May 14, 2020 . ^ Preece, Robert (September 23, 2020). "Beyond Physicality: A Conversation with Adejoke Tugbiyele". Sculpture . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ McQuaid, Cate (December 23, 2009). "Behind the mask of 'Hero's'". Boston.com . Retrieved September 5, 2021 . ^ Powell, Richard J.; Mecklenburg, Virginia McCord; Slowik, Theresa (2012). African American Art: Harlem Renaissance, The Civil Rights Era, and Beyond. Smithsonian American Art Museum. Skira Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0847838905 .