Chilean-American socialite Blanca Errázuriz was acquitted of the murder of her husband John de Saulles, a celebrity football player and manager turned millionaire through real estate in New York, following a sensational trial that even covered an alleged affair with rising film star Rudolph Valentino. The defense and media portrayed Errázuriz as a victim of a chauvinism during the divorce proceedings and custody battle prior to the couple's argument on August 3 that resulted in her shooting her husband.[10]
The Spanish newspaper El Sol released its first edition in Madrid.[11]
German fighter ace Walter von Bülow-Bothkamp shot down and killed British ace Harry G. E. Luchford, who had 24 victories at the time of his death. Von Bülow-Bothkamp would be shot down and killed by a British ace just one month later.[14]
The Norwegian sports club Gjeilo was established in Geilo, Norway before changing to its present name the following year to Geilo. The club has sections on alpine skiing, freestyle skiing, skiing and biathlon, snowboarding, telemark skiing, football, handball and cycling.[15]
The first official handball match was played in Berlin.[16]
Battle of Jerusalem – British forces recaptured the Palestinian village of Beit Ur el Foqa they had lost to the Ottomans five days earlier.[18] Ottoman resistance in the Judaean Mountains began to taper off everywhere.[19]
The New Zealand Division attacked the Polderhoek Spur ridge near Ypres, Belgium but failed to complete their objective. The division held their ground against German counterattacks for a month, amassing a total 1,198 casualties by the end of December.[20]
Nikolay Dukhonin, the last commander-in-chief of the Imperial Russian Army, was lynched and murdered at a railway station in Mogilev, Belarus after surrendering to Soviet custody. Red Army officer Pavel Dybenko was alleged to have given the order to allow a mob of soldiers and sailors to bayonet Dukhonin to death, then use his corpse as target practice.[21]
The first prototype of the Beardmore aircraft was flown.[22]
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson delivered his State of the Union Address to the 65th United States Congress, which focused on the United States' entry into World War I: "I shall not go back to debate the causes of the war. The intolerable wrongs done and planned against us by the sinister masters of Germany have long since become too grossly obvious and odious to every true American to need to be rehearsed."[24]
The Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, or Vesenkha, was established by decree of the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom) and All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets,[28] for the stated purpose to "plan for the organization of the economic life of the country and the financial resources of the government".[29]
After weeks of unfavorable weather, the Luftstreitkräfte (German Air Force) made its first heavier-than-air raid against United Kingdom since October. Nineteen Gotha and two Riesenflugzeug bombers attacked in several waves, causing £100,000 in damage around the London area but inflicting few casualties. British anti-aircraft guns shot down two Gotha bombers and their crews were captured while a third bomber went missing.[31]
Halifax Explosion – French cargo ship Mont-Blanc, loaded with explosive material, collided with Norwegian ship Imo in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia. The collision caused a fire that ignited the explosive material on Mont-Blanc, causing the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the Trinitynuclear test in 1945. The massive blast destroyed part of Halifax, killed at least 1,963 people and injured 9,000 more.[34]
Vince Coleman, a train dispatcher for Canadian Government Railways in Halifax, stayed at his telegraph office after the collision between Mont-Blanc and Imo to send a stop order on an overnight train from Saint John, New Brunswick that was carrying over 300 passengers from entering the city, saving hundreds of lives. His last telegraph decoded from Morse code was said to have read: "Hold up the train. Ammunition ship afire in harbor making for Pier 6 and will explode. Guess this will be my last message. Good-bye boys." He was killed along with thousands of others in the ensuing blast.[35]
Chikuhei Nakajima and Seibi Kawanishi founded the Japan Aeroplane Manufacturing Work Company Ltd, the first aircraft manufacturing company in Japan.[42]
The Battle of Cambrai – The British gave up further positions to the Germans before the general operation was called off.[45]
German casualties were estimated between c. 40,000 casualties to c. 53,000 German casualties.[46] British casualties were recorded as 47,596, including 9,000 men taken prisoner.[47]
German command credited the use of ten ground-attack air squadrons in providing close air support to ground forces during the 17-day battle, for playing a key role in halting the British advance and convincing the Luftstreitkräfte of the need for a permanent ground-attack force.[48]
Canadian naval vessel Simcoe foundered and sank in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, with a loss of 44 crew.[49][50]
Japanese food manufacturer Kikkoman, most noted for its soy and seasoning products, was founded in Noda, Chiba, Japan through the merging of eight businesses owned and operated by the Mogi and Takanashi families.[52]
Died:Nat M. Wills, American vaudeville entertainer, best known for his early vaudeville recordings including "No News" which is preserved by the Library of Congress (b. 1873)
Austro-Hungarian naval ship SMS Wien was torpedoed and sunk at Trieste, Italy by two Italian torpedo boats under command of Luigi Rizzo with the loss of 46 of her 469 crew.[63]
German submarine SM UB-75 struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of all 34 crew.[64]
At least 543 people were killed and hundreds more injured after an overloaded troop train derailed on the Culoz–Modane railway near Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne in the French Alps, making it the single worst train disaster in French history.[71]
The Crimean People's Republic was established. As the area in 1917 was predominantly Muslim, it became the world's first secular Muslim state to declare sovereignty.[77]
The Kazakhs declared independence from Russia and established the Alash Autonomy in what is now present-day Kazakhstan. The nation-state would last until 1920 when it was absorbed into the Soviet Union.[78]
Royal Navy armed steamship HMS Stephen Furness was sunk in the Irish Sea west of the Isle of Man by German Submarine SM UB-64 with the loss of 101 lives.[79]
A judicial inquiry into the Halifax Explosion was held at the Halifax Court House. It released a report the following February concluding the captain and crew of the Mont-Blanc were responsible for causing the collision that eventually started the explosion.[80]
French cruiser Châteaurenault was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea by German submarine SM UC-38 before itself was sunk by French destroyer Lansquenet. Some 1,162 survivors from the Châteaurenault and 20 survivors from the UC-38 were rescued by Lansquenet and fellow destroyers Mameluk and Rouen.[83][84]
Cargo ship SS Formby bound for Waterford from Liverpool was torpedoed and sunk in the Irish Sea by German submarine U-62 with the loss of all 35 crew.[91]
Died:Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, British physician, politician and suffragist, first woman in the United Kingdom to qualify as physician and a surgeon, as well as first to be elected to a school board or to hold the title of mayor in the country (b. 1836); Ber Borochov, Russian linguist and activist, founding member of Labor Zionism (b. 1881); Charles P. Rogers, American industrialist, founder of bed manufacturer Charles P Rogers & Co. (b. 1829)
German submarine SM UB-56 struck a mine and sank in the Strait of Dover with the loss of all 37 crew.[112]
British flying aceRichard Maybery died after his aeroplane went down near Haynecourt, France. He had 21 confirmed kills and five shared victories at the time of his death.[113]
A train wreck in Shepherdsville, Kentucky killed 49 people and left an equal number injured, making it the deadliest train accident in the state's history.[117]
Battle of Jaffa – The British 21st Corps successfully drove off Ottoman units with a bayonet attack, securing Jaffa with the capture of the village of Rantieh just east of the Palestinian port.[128]
Three Royal Navydestroyers - HMS Surprise, HMS Tornado, and HMS Torrent - were destroyed when their squadron ran into a minefield in the North Sea off the coast of the Netherlands. In total, 12 officers and 240 crewmen were killed from the three ships. Only British destroyer Radiant survived to pick up the remaining survivors.[133]
New Zealand flying ace Clive Franklyn Collett was killed in a plane crash following a test flight of a captured German Albatros. He had 11 victories to his credit.[134]
An earthquake measuring 6.0 in magnitude struck Guatemala and destroyed thousands of homes and public buildings in Guatemala City, as well as wrecking the historic ruins of Antigua Guatemala. It was the worst earthquake of the year in terms of death toll, with 2,650 people reported killed.[146]
Brite Ranch raid – An American cavalry force of 200 men pursued the Mexican raiders that besieged a Texas ranch the day before, killing 10 raiders and recovering some of the stolen horses and supplies.[147]
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson used the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroads under the United States Railroad Administration, hoping to transport troops and materials for the war effort more efficiently.[148]
Canadian fighter ace Alfred Edwin McKay was shot down by German ace Carl Menckhoff during a dogfight over Belgium. Listed as deceased, he had earned 10 confirmed victories one month prior to his death.[153][154]
American journalist H. L. Mencken published a fictitious historical account of the bathtub in the New York Evening Mail, including accounts of the White House installing a bathtub in 1842. Although a complete hoax, parts of the historical account have been presented as fact as recently as 2008. Mencken later wrote: "The success of this idle hoax, done in time of war, when more serious writing was impossible, vastly astonished me."[157]
The American Association of Teachers of Spanish was established in New York City for assist teachers who used Spanish in their classrooms. The name was changed to include Portuguese in its title when the language was added to the organization's mission statement in 1944.[159]
British opera singer Mary Garden made her screen debut in historical drama Thais. Based on the novel by Anatole France, it was directed by Hugo Ballin and Frank Hall Crane, and released through Goldwyn Pictures. Although Garden was a major star, the film became one the biggest box office flops of the decade.[163]
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