The Revolutions of 1848 in the Danish States started in the German speaking cities of Altona and Kiel. It spilled into a peaceful revolution in Copenhagen, which abolished absolutism in favor of parliamentary constitutional monarchy, and a counter-revolutionary war against the German speaking minority.
1854: A revolution in Spain against the Moderate Party Government.
1854: The Eureka Rebellion (Eureka Stockade) in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. Miners battled British Colonial forces against taxation policies of the Government.
1857: The Indian rebellion against British East India Company, marking the end of Mughal rule in India. Also known as the 1857 War of Independence and, particularly in the West, the Sepoy Mutiny.
1866–68: The Meiji Restoration and modernization revolution in Japan. Samurai uprising leads to overthrow of shogunate and establishment of "modern" parliamentary, Western-style system.
Ten Years' War (1868–1878), also known as the Great War (Guerra Grande) and the War of '68, was part of Cuba's fight for independence from Spain, led by Cuban-born planters (especially by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes) and other wealthy natives.
1879: Little War (Cuba) or Small War, second of three conflicts between Cuban rebels and Spain. It started on 26 August 1879 and ended in rebel defeat in September 1880.
1879–1882: The Urabi Revolt: an uprising in Egypt on 11 June 1882 against the Khedive and European influence in the country. It was led by and named after Colonel Ahmed Urabi.
1897: The Intentona de Yauco (Attempted Coup of Yauco), was the second and last major revolt against Spanish colonial rule in Puerto Rico, staged by Puerto Rico's pro-independence movement.
1898: The Dukchi Ishan (Andican Uprising): Kirgiz, Uzbek, and Kipcak peoples rebelled against Tsarist Russia in Turkestan (Fargana Valley).
1899–1902: The Philippine–American War, an insurgency against the imposition of colonial rule by the United States following the transfer of the Philippines from Spain to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish–American War.
1899–1901: The Boxer Rebellion against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology that occurred in China during the final years of the Qing dynasty, which was defeated by the Eight-Nation Alliance.
1899–1962: The Mau was a non-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule (by Germany and then New Zealand) during the first half of the 20th century.
1910–1920: The Mexican Revolution overthrows the dictator Porfirio Díaz; seizure of power by the National Revolutionary Party (later called Institutional Revolutionary Party).
1914: The Ten Days War was a shooting war involving irregular forces of coal miners using dynamite and rifles on one side, opposed to the Colorado National Guard, Baldwin Felts detectives, and mine guards deploying machine guns, cannon and aircraft on the other, occurring in the aftermath of the Ludlow massacre. The Ten Days War ended when federal troops intervened.
1914–1915: The Boer Revolt against the British in South Africa.
1916–1923: The Irish War of Independence, the period of nationalist rebellion, guerrilla warfare, political change and civil war which brought about the establishment of the independent nation, the Irish Free State. Sparking the Irish Civil War between pro-treaty forces and pro-republic forces
1917: The October Revolution in Russia: Bolsheviks take over the provisional government of the Russian Republic, instituting the first socialist society in the world. The chaos leads to the final collapse of the Russian Empire as many peripheral territories declare independence and anti-Bolshevik forces rose in revolt against the new Soviet Russian order, sparking the Russian Civil War, eventually leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union.
1918: The Finnish Civil War: Finnish Red Guards sympathetic to the Bolsheviks in Russia rise in revolt against the newly independent Finnish Whites, supported by the German Empire.
1918–1919: A wave of strikes and student unrest shakes Peru. These events influence two of the dominant figures of Peruvian politics in the 20th century: Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre and José Carlos Mariátegui.
1919: Counterrevolution in Hungary against the Hungarian Soviet Republic. After many failed attempts, legitimist and other far-right forces take over Transdunabia after the Soviet Republic falls to the Romanians.
1920–1922: Patagonia Rebelde, the uprising and violent suppression of a rural workers' strike in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz in Patagonia between 1920 and 1922.
1920: December general strike in Czechoslovakia [cz]
1920: Oslavan uprising [cz]
1921: The Battle of Blair Mountain ten to fifteen thousand coal miners rebel in West Virginia, assaulting mountain-top lines of trenches established by the coal companies and local sheriff's forces in the largest armed, organized uprising in American labor history.
1921: The Moplah rebellion, uprising against the colonial British authority and Hindu landlords in the Malabar in South India by MappilaMuslims, aftermath of a series of peasant uprising in the past centuries.
1928–1931: A rebellion led by Bhagat Singh against the British Rule in India.
1929: The Women's War broke out when thousands of Igbo women traveled to the town of Oloko to protest against the Warrant Chiefs, whom they accused of restricting the role of women in the government.
1930s
Soldiers assembled in front of the Throne Hall, Siam, 24 June 1932Austrian Civil War: Army soldiers take position in front of the Vienna State Opera
1936–1939: David Toro seizes power in Bolivia, initiating a period of so-called "military socialism", including nationalization of Standard Oil and passage of progressive labor laws, and establishing a corporative state in 1938.
1937–1938: The Dersim Rebellion, the most important Kurdish rebellion in modern Turkey.[190]
1937: The Fets de Maig or "May Days", a major strike in Catalonia, Spain.
1937: The Revolt of Delvina, a revolt of gendarmerie and local peasants against King Zog.
Patrol of Lieut. Stanisław Jankowski ("Agaton") from Battalion Pięść, 1 August 1944: "W-hour" (17:00)The PLA enters Beijing in the Pingjin Campaign and control the later capital of PRC
1944: The Warsaw uprising was an armed struggle during the Second World War by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German occupation and Nazi rule. It started on 1 August 1944.
1947–1952: In the Albanian Subversion, the intelligence services of the United States and Britain deployed exiled fascists, Nazis, and monarchists in a failed attempt to foment a counterrevolution in Communist-ruled Albania.
1947: Angami Zapu Phizo declared the independence of Nagaland from India only to be subdued by the Indian army.
1947: The 228 Massacre occurred following discontent and resentment of the native Taiwanese under the early rule of the KMT of the island.
1948: Following the liberation of Korea, Marxist former guerrillas under Kim Il Sung work to rapidly industrialize the country and rid it of the last vestiges of "feudalism.".
1949-1962: Darul Islam rebellion. Darul Islam attempted to overthrow the government and establish an Islamic state in Indonesia.
1950s
Barricades in Algiers. "Long live Massu" (Vive Massu) is written on the banner. (January 1960)Raúl Castro (left), with his arm around second-in-command Ernesto "Che" Guevara, in their Sierra de Cristal Mountain stronghold in Oriente Province Cuba, 1958.
1951-1952: 426 Battalion rebellion. An Indonesian army battalion rebelled against the government with the support of Darul Islam. The rebellion was crushed in 1952, and the remaining rebels joined Darul Islam and an armed group in the Merapi Merbabu Complex.
1953: The Vorkuta uprising was a major uprising of the Gulaginmates in Vorkuta in the summer of 1953. Like other camp uprisings it was bloodily quelled by the Red Army and the NKVD.[192]
1958: A popular revolt in Venezuela against military dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez culminates in a civic-military coup d'état.
1958: The Iraqi Revolution (14 July Revolution) led by nationalist soldiers abolishes the British-backed monarchy, executes many of its top officials, and begins to assert the country's independence from both Cold War power blocs.
1960: A group of disaffected Ethiopian officers make an unsuccessful attempt to deposeEmperor Haile Selassie and replace him with a more progressive government, but are defeated by the rest of the Ethiopian military.
1964–1979: The Rhodesian Bush War, also known as the Second Chimurenga, was a guerrilla war which lasted from July 1964 to 1979 and led to universal suffrage, the end of white minority rule in Rhodesia, and the creation of the Republic of Zimbabwe.
1964: The October Revolution in Sudan, driven by a general strike and rioting, forced President Ibrahim Abboud to transfer executive power to a transitional civilian government, and eventually to resign.
1964–1975: The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO), formed in 1962, commenced a guerrilla war against Portuguese colonialism. Independence was granted on 25 June 1975; however, the Mozambican Civil War complicated the political situation and frustrated FRELIMO's attempts at radical change. The war continued into the early 1990s after the government dropped Marxism as the state ideology.
1966: The year it is estimated the Black Power movement began, with no exact official end date.
1967–1970: Biafra: The former eastern Nigeria unsuccessfully fought for a breakaway republic of Biafra, after the mainly Igbo people of the region suffered pogroms in northern Nigeria the previous year.
1967: The Naxalite Movement begins in India, led by the AICCCR.
1967: Anguillans resentful of Kittitian domination of the island expelled the Kittitian police and declared independence from the British colony of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla. British forces retook the island in 1969 and made Anguilla a separate dependency in 1980. There was no bloodshed in the entire episode.
A failed attempt by leader Alexander Dubček to liberalise Czechoslovakia in defiance of the Soviet-supported communist state culminates in the Prague Spring.
1973: Worker-student demonstrations in Thailand force dictator Thanom Kittikachorn and two close associates to flee the country, beginning a short period of democratic constitutional rule.
1975: Having become disillusioned with the rule of Leonid Brezhnev, Valery Sablin leads a mutiny in hopes of starting a Leninist revolution in the Soviet Union.
1976-1988: The "May-Revolution" by the Kurds in North-Iraq against the government.
1976: Student demonstrations and election-related violence in Thailand lead police to open fire on a sit-in at Thammasat University, killing hundreds. The military seizes power the next day, ending constitutional rule.
1976: The Gang of Four is removed from power in China in a coup led by Chairman Hua Guofeng with the support of senior officers of the People's Liberation Army, ending the Cultural Revolution.
1977: Egyptian Bread Riots the riots were a spontaneous uprising by hundreds of thousands of lower-class people, at least 79 people were killed and 800 wounded.
1977: A mutiny in Bangladesh Air Force occurs, with the goal of establishing a Marxist government,[196] resulting in the deaths of 11 air force officers. Subsequently, 1143 airmen and soldiers were executed for their alleged involvement in the uprising.[196]
1978: The Saur Revolution led by the Khalq faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan deposes and kills President Mohammad Daud Khan.
1983–1984: Diretas Já, a Brazilian civil unrest movement that demanded direct presidential elections.
1983: Overthrow of the ruling Conseil de Salut du peuple (CSP) by Marxist forces led by Thomas Sankara in Upper Volta, renamed Burkina Faso in the following year.
1983: Prime Minister of Grenada, Maurice Bishop, overthrown and subsequently executed by high-ranking government officials.
1984–1999: Kurdish uprising for independence from the Republic of Turkey
1984–1985: Pro-independence Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS) forces in New Caledonia revolt following an election boycott and occupy the town of Thio from November 1984 to January 1985. Thio is retaken by the French after the assassination of Éloi Machoro, the security minister in the FLNKS provisional government and the primary leader of the occupation.[197]
1985: Soviet and Afghanistan POWs rose against their captors at Badaber base.
1986–1991: Somali Rebellion as a result of military dictator Siad Barre beginning to attack clan-based dissident groups.
1986: Khalistan Commando Force started armed movement for the establishment of Khalistan, an independent Sikh homeland. The movement, as is the case with other Sikh nationalistic movements, was fueled in part by the Indian army's Operation Blue Star. The armed struggle resulted in thousands of mostly civilian deaths.
1987 : The June Struggle overthrew military dictatorship of South Korea.
The rigged 1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election created a catalyst for the insurgency when it resulted in some of the state's legislative assembly members forming armed insurgent groups launches its struggle against Indian administration.
1990–present: United Liberation Front of Asom launch major violent activities against Indian rule in Assam. To date, the resulting clashes with the Indian army have left more than 10,000 dead.[199]
1990: 1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh Strikes and Protests topple the Bangladeshi military government and democracy is restored for the first time in nine years.
1991: Somali National Movement rebels establish the Somaliland administration in northwestern Somalia, and declare the region independent from the rest of the country.
1992: Black May (1992)Thailand popular protest in Bangkok against the government of General Suchinda Kraprayoon and the military crackdown that followed. Up to 200,000 people demonstrated in central Bangkok at the height of the protests.
2001: Cacerolazo in Argentina. Following mass riots and a period of civil unrest, popular protests oust the government and two additional interim presidents within months. December 2001 riots in Argentina
2004–2005: The Orange Revolution in Ukraine. After pro-Russian prime minister Viktor Yanukovych was declared the winner of the presidential elections, people took to the streets in protest against mass fraud and vote falsification. Eventually, the country's Supreme Court ordered a recount, in which pro-Western opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko was declared the winner. This was the third colour revolution.
2005: A failed attempt at popular colour-style revolution in Azerbaijan, led by the groups Yox! and Azadlig.
2004–2013: The Kivu conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2005: The Cedar Revolution, triggered by the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafic Hariri, asks for the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon.
2005: 15 April Intifada – Arab uprising in the Iranian province of Khuzestan.
2005: Ecuador experiences a nationwide and countrywide revolution, consisting of rallies and demonstrations, rioting and protests in March–April 2005 from indigenous tribes that started with a protest that mushroomed into a widespread uprising and popular movement that led to the overthrow of the government.
2007: The Lawyers' Movement in Pakistan emerged to restore a judge but eventually moved to rebel against the military dictatorship of General Pervez Musharraf.
2009–2011: A civil uprising popularly known as the Kitchenware Revolution brought down the Icelandic government after the collapse of the country's financial system in October 2008.
^Lipschits, Oled (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule. Eisenbrauns. pp. 13–18. ISBN 978-1575060958.
^Clayton, Peter A. (2006). Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt (Paperback ed.). Thames & Hudson. pp. 195–197. ISBN 0-500-28628-0.
^Jigoulov, Vadim S. (8 April 2016). The Social History of Achaemenid Phoenicia: Being a Phoenician, Negotiating Empires. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-134-93809-4.
^Rawlinson, George; Gilman, Arthur (1892). The Story of Ancient Egypt. G. P. Putnam. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-8482-5897-9.
^Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. pp. 115–116. ISBN 9781575061207.
^ a bDandamaev, Muhammad A. (1993). "Xerxes and the Esagila Temple in Babylon". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 7: 41–45. JSTOR 24048423.
^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Tod, Marcus Niebuhr (1911). "Archidamus s.v. 2". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 367.
^Mommsen, Theodor (1958). The History of Rome (Collins & Saunders ed.). Meridin Books.
^Conole, P. (1981). "Allied Disaffection and the Revolt of Fregellae1". Antichthon. 15: 129–140. doi:10.1017/S0066477400004615. ISSN 0066-4774. S2CID 151724816.
^A. H. Beesely, The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla Epochs of Ancient History, (Kindle edition), ch. VI., p. 57
^Beard, Mary (2008). Pompeii. Profile Books LTD. ISBN 978-1-86197-596-6.
^Plut. Sull. 9.3; Plut. Mar. 35.4
^Telford, Lynda. Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered.
^Dupuy and Dupuy, The Encyclopaedia of Military History, p. 93.
^Julius Exsuperantius, On the civil Wars of Marius, Lepidus and Sertorius, 38-42
^Appian, Civil Wars, 1:120
^Florus, Epitome, 2.8.
^Sallust, Bellum Catilinae XVIII.5; Asconius 92C; Dio Cassius XXXVI.44.3
^Hornblower, S., Spawforth, A. (eds.) The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization (1998) pp. 219–24
^Dio, 48.49
^Dio, Cassius. "23". Book LIII.
^Frontier and Society in Roman North Africa. Dr. David Cherry. Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 38
^Raymond Brown, An Adult Christ at Christmas: Essays on the Three Biblical Christmas Stories, Matthew 2 and Luke 2 by Raymond E. Brown (Liturgical Press, 1978), page 17.
^Suetonius (2007). "The Life of Tiberius". The Life of The Twelve Caesars. Penguin Classics. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0140455168.
^Wells, Peter S. (2003), The Battle That Stopped Rome, Norton, p. 204, ISBN 9780393326437
^Pettinger, Andrew (2012), The Republic in Danger: Drusus Libo and the Succession of Tiberius, Oxford University Press, pp. 189–190, ISBN 978-0-19-960174-5
^de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD), Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, p. 568, ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0
^de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD), Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, pp. 196–198, ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0
^Bielestein, Hans (1987). "Wang Mang, the restoration of the Han dynasty, and Later Han". The Cambridge History of China, Volume 1: The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.–A.D. 220. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 271. ISBN 9780521243278.
^E.M. Wightman, Gallia Belgica (London: Batsford) 1985.
^Casey, P. J. (1994). Carausius and Allectus: The British Usurpers (Repr. ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203974353.
^di Cosmo, Nicola (2009), Military Culture in Imperial China, Harvard University Press
^Li, Bo; Zheng Yin (Chinese) (2001) 5000 years of Chinese history, Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp, ISBN 7-204-04420-7
^Rees, Diocletian and the Tetrarchy, p. 14, citing William Leadbetter, "Galerius and the Revolt of the Thebaid, 293/4," Antichthon 34 (2000) 82–94.
^Sozomen; Philostorgius (1855). The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen and The Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius. Translated by Edward Walford. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 153 (Book IV, chapter VII). ISBN 9780790565682. OCLC 224145372.
^Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (The Modern Library, 1932), chap. XXIX., p. 1,040
^ a b c d eKohen, E. (2007). History of the Byzantine Jews: A Microcosmos in the Thousand Year Empire. University Press of America. pp. 26–31. ISBN 9780761836230. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
^Yarshater, Ehsan (1983). "Mazdakism". Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian periods. Vol. 2. Cambridge. pp. 991–1024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Norwich, John Julius (1999). A Short History of Byzantium. New York: Vintage Books, A Division of Random House, Inc. p. 64. ISBN 0-679-77269-3.
^Taylor, Keith Weller. (1983). The Birth of Vietnam (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 0520074173. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
^Kaegi, Walter E. (2003). Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge University Press. pp. 38–45. ISBN 9780521814591.
^Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2006), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy, Albany: State University of New York Press, ISBN 9780791482681
^Elli Kohen (2007). History of the Byzantine Jews: A Microcosmos in the Thousand Year Empire. University Press of America. ISBN 9780761836230. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
^Curta, Florin (2001). The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139428880.
^Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64696-0.
^Kennedy, Hugh (2016). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (Third ed.). Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-78761-2.
^Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.
^Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v. 23 "The Zenith of the Marwanid House," transl. Martin Hinds, SUNY, Albany, 1990; v. 24 "The Empire in Transition," transl. David Stephen Powers, SUNY, Albany, 1989
^Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc Numéro 5 de Contributions in Asian studies. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 0-313-29622-7.
^ a bShaban, M. A. (1979). The ʿAbbāsid Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29534-3.
^Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994). "Khārijī and Shī'ī Revolts in Iraq and the East". The End of the Jihād State. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 190–191. ISBN 9780791418277.
^Ibn Khaldun (1852 transl.) Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique, Algiers.
^Hawting, Gerald R. (2000). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 (2nd ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24072-7.
^Khalifah ibn Khayyat (1985). al-Umari, Akram Diya' (ed.). Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed (in Arabic). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah.
^Zetterstéen, K.V. (1987). "ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume I: A–Bābā Beg. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 22–23. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
^Kennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus (First ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. p. 32. ISBN 0-582-49515-6.
^Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009): Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2
^Jennifer R. Davis (2015), Charlemagne's Practice of Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 179. The Royal Frankish Annals record battles in the years 772–80, 782–85, 793–99, 802 and 804.
^Bosworth, C. E., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXX: The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Mūsā al-Hādī and Hārūn al-Rashīd, A.D. 785–809/A.H. 169–192. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 14–39. ISBN 978-0-88706-564-4.
^Anh Thư Hà, Hò̂ng Đức Trà̂n A brief chronology of Vietnam's history 2000 Page 27 "BỐ Cái Đại Vương (Phùng Hưng) (766-802) Phùng Hưng was initially a notable in Đường Lâm (Ba Vì, Hà Tây province). His father was a man of talent and good ethics, who took part in the rebellion led by Mai Hắc Đế. As a man of unusual..."
^Levy-Rubin, Milka; Kedar, Benjamin Z (2001). "A Spanish Source on mid-Ninth Century Mar Saba and a Neglected Sabaite Martyr". In Patrich, Joseph (ed.). The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present. Peeters Publishers. pp. 63–83. ISBN 978-90-429-0976-2.
^Eisenstein, H. (2002). "Al-Walid b. Tarif". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden and New York: BRILL. pp. 129–130. ISBN 90-04-12756-9.
^Daniel, Elton L. (1979). The Political and Social History of Khurasan under Abbasid Rule, 747–820. Minneapolis & Chicago: Bibliotheca Islamica, Inc. ISBN 0-88297-025-9.
^Nagendra Kr Singh, International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties, Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 2002
^Goldberg, Eric J. "Popular Revolt, Dynastic Politics, and Aristocratic Factionalism in the Early Middle Ages: The Saxon Stellinga Reconsidered." Speculum, Vol. 70, No. 3. (Jul., 1995), pp 467–501.
^Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 103. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5
^Bosworth, C.E. (1975). "The Ṭāhirids and Ṣaffārids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–135. ISBN 9780521200936.
^The crisis of the ʻAbbāsid Caliphate, By Ṭabarī, George Saliba, pg.15-19
^Saliba, George, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXV: The Crisis of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphates of al-Mustaʿīn and al-Muʿtazz, A.D. 862–869/A.H. 248–255. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-883-7.
^Waines, David, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-0764-0.
^Houtsma, M. Th. et al. (eds.) (1913–1936) Encyclopaedia of Islam: dictionary of the geography, ethnography and biography of the Muhammadan peoples (1st ed. in 4 vol.) E. J. Brill, London. "'OMAR b. ḤAFṢŪN", p. 981-2; reprinted in facsimile edition as E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 in 1987
^Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472081497.
^Brett, Michael (2017). The Fatimid Empire. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-4076-8.
^Psellus, Michael (1966). Fourteen Byzantine Rulers: The Chronographia of Michael Psellus. New York: Penguin Classics. pp. 400. ISBN 978-0-14-0441697.
^Psellus, Michael (1966). Fourtten Byzantine Rulers: The Chronographia of Michael Psellus. New York: Penguin Classics. pp. 32. ISBN 978-0-14-044169-7.
^Helmold: Chronica Slavorum. Neu übertragen und erläutert von Heinz Stoob. In: Ausgewählte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters. Wiss. Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1963, 2. Auflage 1973.
^Kaldellis, Anthony (2017). Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. to the First Crusade. Oxford University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0190253226.
^"Die Nördliche Song-Dynastie". Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
^Gowers, Bernard (2013). "996 and all that: The Norman peasants' revolt reconsidered". Early Medieval Europe. 21: 71–98. doi:10.1111/emed.12010. S2CID 161421440.
^Canard, Marius (1961). "Les sources arabes de l'histoire byzantine aux confins des Xe et XIe siècles". Revue des études byzantines. 19: 284–314 (297–298). doi:10.3406/rebyz.1961.1264.
^A world history of tax rebellions: an encyclopedia of tax rebels, revolts, and riots from antiquity to the present, David F. Burg, Taylor & Francis, 2004, ISBN 0-415-92498-7, pp. 74–75.
^Dennis P. Hupchick, pp. 324-325.
^One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Holland, Arthur William (1911). "Rienzi, Cola di". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 323.
^Chaliand, Gerard; Arnaud Blin (2007). The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. University of California Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-520-24709-3. isfahan Timur.
^John Reed Swanton (1922). Early history of the Creek Indians and their neighbors. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 88–89.
^Eloy J. Gallegos (1 January 1998). Santa Elena: Spanish Settlements on the Atlantic Seaboard from Florida to Virginia, 1513 to 1607. Villagra Press. pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-1-882194-34-6.
^"Shimabara Rebellion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
^"Aclamação de Amador Bueno - 1641". Mundo Educação (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"Aclamação de Amador Bueno (1641)". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"Aclamação de Amador Bueno – São Paulo | Revoltas | Impressões Rebeldes". www.historia.uff.br. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^http://zahid.fm.interia.pl/ Archived 2009-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, "Tatarzy Polscy" (Polish Tatars), [1] Archived 2010-06-02 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
^"История башкиро-татарских восстаний в XVII векевто — Реальное время". m.realnoevremya.ru.
^"Revolta de Beckman: causas, participantes, fim". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"Beckman Revolt | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"War of the Emboabas | Brazilian history". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"Guerra dos Emboabas: contexto, causas, consequências". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"Guerra dos Mascates (1710)". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^Kidd, Gray Fielding (2019). "Neither peddlers nor war: unraveling 180 years of historical literature on Pernambuco's "Peddlers' War," 1710-1711". CLIO: Revista de Pesquisa Histórica. 37 (2): 300–325. doi:10.22264/clio.issn2525-5649.2019.37.2.07. ISSN 2525-5649. S2CID 212926529.
^"Vila Rica Revolt". forma-slova.com. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"Revolta de Vila Rica". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"Diskussion zu den Referaten von Prof. Dr. Hanno Kube, LL.M. und Prof. Dr. Peter Essers", Erneuerung des Steuerrechts, Köln: Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt, pp. 394–404, 2014, doi:10.9785/ovs.9783504384128.394, ISBN 978-3-504-38412-8, retrieved 2 February 2021
^"The Slave Revolts by Herbert Aptheker". Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
^THE FÉDONS OF GRENADA, 1763–1814 Archived 31 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Posted by Curtis Jacobs. Retrieved 10 March 2013, to 18: 25 pm.
^Rivera Vivanco, Gabriel (2011). "El apoyo de Chile a la independencia de las Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata en 1811". Cuaderno de Historia Militar (in Spanish) (7): 7–19.
^Hormazábal Espinosa, Pedro Edo. (2007). "Soldados chilenos en Argentina, la primera cooperación militar en el proceso independentista a partir de 1811". Revista de Historia Militar (in Spanish) (6): 45–50.
^Arana, M., 2013, Bolivar, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9781439110195, pp. 186
^Sakalis, Alex (25 March 2021). "The Italians Who Fought for Greek Independence". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^"Belgian Corps 1832-35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars". 11 June 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
^"British Library". www.bl.uk. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.
^"Revolução Praieira: contexto, estopim, desfecho". Brasil Escola (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^Oteniyazov, Polat Jumaniyazovich (30 June 2022). "Heroes, Helpers, Magic Objects and Antagonists in Karakalpak Folk Tales". Theoretical & Applied Science. 110 (6): 336–340. doi:10.15863/tas.2022.06.110.57. ISSN 2308-4944.
^Arnold, Chloe (2 January 2014). "Review of Bradt travel guides to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan". Asian Affairs. 45 (1): 151–153. doi:10.1080/03068374.2014.874710. ISSN 0306-8374.
^Kunnen-Jones, Marianne (21 August 2002). "Anniversary Volume Gives New Voice To Pioneer Accounts of Sioux Uprising". University of Cincinnati. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2007.
^Renowned author to speak about 1863 New York draft riots at Fairfield University's DiMenna-Nyselius Library Archived 14 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine press release Fairfield University
^How The Only Coup D'Etat In U.S. History Unfolded. NPR/Weekend Edition Sunday, 17 August 2008.
^Grataloup, Christian (2022). Die Geschichte der Welt Ein Atla (in German) (8th ed.). Germany: C. H. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-77345-7.
^Fremuth, Jiří (29 October 2018). "Republiku slavili v Dobrušce dvakrát, omylem ji vyhlásili o měsíc dřív".
^Analysis: roots of the conflict between Georgia, South Ossetia and Russia[dead link]
^"Proč českoslovenští legionáři skončili na jaře 1919 ve vězení Gornostaj? | 100+1 zahraniční zajímavost". www.stoplusjednicka.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 15 October 2024.
^"Communist Revolts of 1935 | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^"A revolta comunista de 1935 | CPDOC". cpdoc.fgv.br. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^Paul J. White, Primitive rebels or revolutionary modernizers?: the Kurdish national movement in Turkey, Zed Books, 2000, p. 79.
^ "Леванте Интегралиста | CPDOC" . cpdoc.fgv.br . Проверено 3 октября 2021 г.
^ "I. Прибалтийские узники восстаний ГУЛАГа 1953 года – Л. Латковскис". lituanus.org . Получено 14 декабря 2014 г. .
^ "Há 60 лет назад, "Campanha da Legalidade" препятствовал um golpe" . Конгрессо эм Фоко (на бразильском португальском языке). 5 сентября 2021 г. Проверено 3 октября 2021 г.
^ Сантос, Патрисия Фачин и Жоао Витор. «Campanha da Legalidade eo Brasil de hoje. Defesa da Constituição, senso de opportunidade politica and mobilização Popular. Alguns legados». www.ihu.unisinos.br (на бразильском португальском языке) . Проверено 3 октября 2021 г.
^ ab Mascarenhas, Anthony (1986). Бангладеш: наследие крови. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN0-340-39420-X. OCLC 242251870.
^ Трипп, Чарльз (2005). История Ирака. Cambridge University Press. С. 116–126. ISBN 978-0-521-70247-8
^ "Индия Пакистан – Хронология". BBC News . Получено 14 декабря 2014 г.
^ "Пять убитых в результате взрывов бомб в Ассаме". Dawn . 2 января 2009 г. Получено 14 декабря 2014 г.
^ «Гражданская полиция в Эшпириту-Санту установила крайний срок для губернатора, чтобы выполнить требования и избежать забастовки». www1.folha.uol.com.br . Получено 3 октября 2021 г. .
^ "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer . Получено 3 октября 2021 г. .
^ ES, Do G1 (8 февраля 2017 г.). «Sem PMs nas ruas, Espirito Santo registera 90 mortes, diz sindicato». Эспириту-Санту (на бразильском португальском языке) . Проверено 3 октября 2021 г.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
.jpg/1280px-Batalla_de_Ayacucho_by_Mart%C3%ADn_Tovar_y_Tovar_(1827_-_1902).jpg)
_b_497.jpg/1280px-Die_Gartenlaube_(1857)_b_497.jpg)
.jpg/1280px-26O_Llibertat_191026_60383_dc_2_(48979743792).jpg)
.jpg/1280px-Hong_Kong_IMG_20190616_171444_(48073669892).jpg)
