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Национальный реестр фильмов

Национальный реестр фильмов ( NFR ) — это коллекция фильмов Национального совета по сохранению фильмов США (NFPB) , отобранных для сохранения , каждый из которых был выбран за свой исторический, культурный и эстетический вклад с момента создания NFPB в 1988 году. [1] [2]

История

В течение 1980-х годов несколько выдающихся кинематографистов и деятелей киноиндустрии в Соединенных Штатах, такие как Фрэнк Капра и Мартин Скорсезе , выступали за принятие Конгрессом законопроекта о сохранении фильмов, чтобы избежать коммерческих модификаций (таких как панорамирование и сканирование и монтаж для телевидения) классических фильмов, которые они считали негативными. В ответ на споры по поводу колоризации изначально черно-белых фильмов в это десятилетие, представители Роберт Дж. Мразек и Сидни Р. Йейтс представили Национальный закон о сохранении фильмов 1988 года, который учредил Национальный реестр фильмов, его цель и критерии отбора фильмов для сохранения. [3] Закон был принят, и миссия NFR впоследствии была повторно авторизована последующими актами Конгресса в 1992, 1996, 2005, 2008 и 2016 годах. [4] [5] [6] [7] Миссия Национального совета по сохранению фильмов, в которую вносит свой вклад NFR, заключается в обеспечении выживания, сохранения и повышения доступности для общественности американского кинонаследия. [8] Закон 1996 года также создал некоммерческий Национальный фонд по сохранению фильмов , который, хотя и связан с NFPB, собирает деньги из частного сектора . [9]

Критерии отбора

«В совокупности... фильмы в Национальном реестре фильмов представляют собой потрясающий диапазон американского кинопроизводства, включая голливудские художественные фильмы, документальные фильмы, авангардные и любительские постановки, фильмы регионального значения, этнические, анимационные и короткометражные фильмы, — все они заслуживают признания, сохранения и доступа будущих поколений. Вступая в новое тысячелетие, реестр является одним из лучших подытоживаний удивительного первого века американского кинематографа».

— Доктор Джеймс Х. Биллингтон , библиотекарь Конгресса . [10]

NFPB добавляет в NFR до 25 «культурно, исторически или эстетически значимых фильмов» каждый год, демонстрируя диапазон и разнообразие американского кинонаследия для повышения осведомленности о его сохранении. [10] Фильм становится подходящим для включения через десять лет после его первоначального выпуска. [11] Для первого отбора в 1989 году общественность номинировала почти 1000 фильмов для рассмотрения. Затем члены NFPB разработали индивидуальные бюллетени возможных фильмов для включения. Бюллетени были сведены в список из 25 фильмов, который затем был изменен библиотекарем Конгресса Джеймсом Х. Биллингтоном и его сотрудниками в библиотеке для окончательного отбора. [10] С 1997 года представители общественности могли номинировать до 50 фильмов в год для рассмотрения NFPB и библиотекарем. [12]

NFR включает фильмы от голливудской классики до сиротских фильмов . [13] Фильм не обязательно должен быть полнометражным , и не обязательно должен быть выпущен в кинотеатрах в традиционном смысле. Реестр содержит кинохронику , немое кино , студенческие фильмы, экспериментальные фильмы , короткометражные фильмы , музыкальные клипы , фильмы, не защищенные авторским правом или находящиеся в общественном достоянии, киносериалы , домашние фильмы , документальные фильмы, анимацию и независимые фильмы . По состоянию на 2023 год в Реестре 875 фильмов.

Фильмы

Notes

  1. ^ Numbers 1–5, 7, and 10
  2. ^ A serial of fourteen short films
  3. ^ A serial of thirteen short films
  4. ^ Remade at least 25 times; the NFR entry encompasses all versions
  5. ^ Heretic, Frontier, Lamentation, and Appalachian Spring
  6. ^ A series of seven short films
  7. ^ A serial of twenty short films
  8. ^ A series of eight short films
  9. ^ Not released until 1952
  10. ^ A collection of twenty-one short films
  11. ^ A series of seven feature films

Number of films by release year

As of the 2023 induction there are 875 total films. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted only once (as they are in the Registry) by year of completion.

Age of Registry selections

The oldest film in the registry, Newark Athlete, was released in 1891, while the most recent, 12 Years a Slave and 20 Feet from Stardom, were each released in 2013.

Timespan from release to selection

Released in 1898, and selected in December 2022, Mardi Gras Carnival experienced the longest wait, at 124 years (considering the fact that the film was already almost a century old before the Registry was even established, the "wait" was technically only 33 years), while Raging Bull, released theatrically in the United States on December 19, 1980, and inducted in October 1990, holds the record for the shortest delay, having been inducted slightly shy of the 10-year minimum.[29] Only nine films have been inducted at the 10-year mark: Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing,[52] Goodfellas,[53] Toy Story,[54] Fargo,[55] 13 Lakes,[56] Freedom Riders,[57] 12 Years a Slave and 20 Feet from Stardom.[58]

Directors with multiple entries (2 or more)

Academy Award-winning director John Ford has the most entries with 11 films.
Orson Welles, acclaimed filmmaker behind inductees Citizen Kane (1941), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), The Lady from Shanghai (1948) and Touch of Evil (1958).
Stanley Kubrick, master auteur responsible for inductees ranging from 1957's Paths of Glory to his 1980 adaptation of Stephen King's The Shining.

[59]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Bahr, Sarah (December 14, 2021). "'Return of the Jedi' and 'The Fellowship of the Ring' Join National Film Registry". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 9, 2023.
  3. ^ Eagan, Daniel (2010). America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. New York: Continuum. p. x. ISBN 978-1-4411-1647-5. OCLC 676697377.
  4. ^ "Reagan Signs Law on Film". The New York Times. September 28, 1988. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
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External links